US
Department of the Interior says ‘fragile and unique’ Arctic ecosystem at risk
if drilling allowed, possibly by pro-fossil fuels Trump administration
The Guardian, Oliver Milman in New York, 18 November 2016
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| A polar bear pokes its head above the water as it swims in the Arctic Ocean off the coast of Alaska. Photograph: Alamy |
Barack
Obama’s administration has ruled out drilling for oil and gas in the pristine
Arctic Ocean, throwing up a last-ditch barrier to the pro-fossil fuels agenda
of incoming president Donald Trump.
The US
Department of the Interior said that the “fragile and unique” Arctic ecosystem
would face “significant risks” if drilling were allowed in the Chukchi or
Beaufort Seas, which lie off Alaska. It added that the high costs of
exploration, combined with a low oil price, would probably deter fossil fuel
companies anyway.
“The plan
focuses lease sales in the best places – those with the highest resource
potential, lowest conflict, and established infrastructure – and removes
regions that are simply not right to lease,” said the interior secretary, Sally
Jewell.
“Given the
unique and challenging Arctic environment and industry’s declining interest in
the area, forgoing lease sales in the Arctic is the right path forward.”
The move,
announced as part of the federal government’s land and ocean leasing program
that will run from 2017 to 2022, has been cheered by environmentalists who
called for the Arctic to be put off limits for drilling to help slow climate
change and avoid a catastrophic oil spill.
“Today’s
announcement demonstrates a commitment to prioritizing common sense, economics
and science ahead of industry favoritism and politics as usual,” said
Jacqueline Savitz, Oceana’s senior vice-president for the United States.
“The
decades-long push to drill in the Arctic has put this unique and diverse
ecosystem at risk, cost tens of billions of dollars and created significant
controversy without providing the promised benefits. We now have the
opportunity to put the old arguments behind us and work together toward a
sustainable future for the Arctic region.”
The removal
of the Arctic Ocean from federal leasing runs contrary to Trump’s vow to “lift
the Obama-Clinton roadblocks” to large fossil fuel projects and throw open vast
areas of land and water to drilling. But even if Trump reverses the Arctic ban,
the economics are still unfavorable for offshore drilling in the region.
Shell spent
more than $7bn on its attempt to exploit oil and gas reserves in the Arctic
after being allowed to do so by the US government despite a high predicted risk
of an oil spill in the frigid ecosystem. The Anglo-Dutch company abandoned its drilling operation in September last year, having faced huge costs and fierce
opposition from green groups.
Fossil fuel
interests have eyed the Arctic as a huge new frontier for oil and gas riches,
with rapidly melting sea ice making areas of the Arctic Ocean more accessible
for drilling rigs. The Arctic holds about 90bn barrels of undiscovered oil and
30% of the world’s untapped natural gas.
However,
the International Energy Agency has warned that the drilling in the Arctic is
not yet commercially viable, while environmental groups have warned that
opening up new fossil fuel development will push the planet over the precipice
into catastrophic climate change.
The Arctic
is at the forefront of global warming, with the region heating up at twice the
rate of the rest of the planet. This summer, Arctic sea ice shrank to itssecond smallest extent ever recorded, with the annual winter regrowth occurring
at a “sluggish” rate, according to the National Snow and Ice Data Center. On
current trends, ice is returning at a slower rate than the record low
experienced in 2012.
The new
federal leasing plan also makes the Atlantic off-limits to drilling, another
success for environmentalists and coastal communities that fought initial plans
to lease areas to fossil fuel firms. But the plan does include 10 new sales in
the Gulf of Mexico, the epicenter of US offshore drilling.
The federal
government, through the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, currently manages
around 3,400 active oil and gas leases in federal waters, covering an area
spanning 18m acres.
“Today’s
decision is a victory for the Arctic and demonstrates the growing strength of
the movement to keep fossil fuels in the ground. But we also need to protect
communities along the Gulf of Mexico,” said Marissa Knodel, a campaigner at
Friends of the Earth.
“Unfortunately,
Donald Trump has made it clear that he wants to return to the days of ‘drill
baby drill’. That’s why President Obama must use his remaining days in office
to permanently keep as much of our lands and waters from Trump and his oil
cronies as possible.”
The Obama
administration has pushed through a number of climate-related measures since
the election of Trump, who denies climate change exists and has promised to
withdraw the US from the international effort to tackle it. The president-elect
also proposes cutting all funding for clean energy and to dismantle Obama’s
Clean Power Plan, the main policy designed to cut emissions.
This week,
the department of the interior unveiled regulations to slash fugitive emissions
of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, from natural gas operations. The US was
also the first nation to submit to the United Nations a plan on how it will
reduce emissions, with the Obama administration setting a goal of an 80%
reduction by 2050.
John Kerry,
the secretary of state, said this week that climate change is “bigger than one
person, one president” and that international progress on the issue was
unstoppable, despite the threat of US withdrawal from the Paris climate
agreement.
Businesses
have also stated their support for the international climate effort, with more
than 360 companies, including Levi’s, Kellogg’s and Nike, urging Trump to keep
up American efforts to ward off dangerous global warming.
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